Selasa, 14 Juni 2011

WILLIAM HARVEY 1578-1657

William Harvey 1578-1657

Famous British physician, William Harvey, discoverer of blood circulation and heart function, born in 1578 in the town of Folkstone, England. A famous book An Anatomical Treatise on the Movement of the Heart and Blood in Animals (Motion automated cardiac anatomy and animal blood), published in 1628, precisely at being called an important book on the history of physiology. Indeed, the fact is the starting point for the birth of modern physiology. Its main significance lies not in immediate use but on laying a basic understanding that explains how the human body works.
For we are now being raised with the knowledge of blood circulation, will consider the theory of Harvey as something that is completely clear. But, what now seemed simple and obvious, not so much as for biologists era past. Leading writers in the field of biology has presented various opinions, including: (1) food is converted into blood in the heart, (2) heart warming the food, (3) blood vessels of the heart to the body filled the air, (4) heart makes " vital spirit "; (5) of blood, both in vessels and from the heart to flow and ebb often to the heart and often away from the heart.
Galen, great doctors in the past, people who personally examine and reflect carefully about the heart and blood vessels, had never guessed that the blood circulating. Also it escaped notice despite Aristotle him to pay attention to the biology major. Even after the publication of Harvey's book too many doctors who reluctantly accept the opinion that the blood in the human body is still rotating in the channel on a fixed system, and heart provides the power to drain the blood.
Harvey first formulate an opinion about the blood circulation by making a simple calculation arithmatik. He estimated that the amount of blood the heart rate transmitted by each about 2 ounces. Because the heart beats 72 times per minute, penjumlahannya can be concluded about 540 pounds emitted per hour of blood into the aorta. However, the amount that exceeds the amount of 540 pounds of body weight of a normal human being, even far exceed the amount of weight loss itself. Because it is clear to Harvey that the same blood regularly rotate through the heart. After formulating this hypothesis, nine years old he used to perform experiments and conduct thorough investigations to determine the details of the circulation of blood.
In his book, Harvey clearly states that the arteries carry blood from the heart while veins carry blood back to the heart. In the absence of a microscope, Harvey could not see the capillaries, the smallest blood vessel that carries blood from the smallest arteries to the veins, but with exactly he concluded that there was. (Capillary Malpighi discovered by biologists Italy, several years after the death of Harvey).
Harvey also pointed out that the functioning of the heart is pumping blood into the arteries. In this aspect - as well as in the opinions of the importance of the others - the theory of Harvey entirely correct. Furthermore he presents results of an experiment that is very valuable to strut good reason. Although initially the theory of Harvey gets fierce challenge, but in the end his theory accepted.
Harvey is also involved in the field of embryologi, although less important than the investigation in terms of blood circulation, is not something to be trivialized. He was a careful observer, and his book On the Generation of Animals (About the world's next generation of animals) which was published in 1651 showed the beginning of the real field of science embryologi. Like Aristotle, the strong influence it once, Harvey rejected the theory that the overall structure of the animal's body as young as anything similar to adult animals, with differences only in size. Harvey correctly states the final structure of an embryo grows stage by stage.
Harvey nearly all his life filled with happiness, success, and interesting. In the teens she entered the University of Cambrige. In the year 1600 he went to Italy to study medicine at the University of Padua, who was arguably the best medical schools in the world. (It should be noted, Galileo became a professor there when Harvey studied there, although not certain whether the two never met face). He graduated in Padua in 1602, back to England, practiced medicine for a long time, and success. Among the many patients there are two king of England (James I and Charles I), do not miss the famous philosopher Francis Bacon. While that, he taught at the college of medicine in London and was once elected president repudiated. And in addition to private practice, he became the chief doctor at Hospital St. Bartholomew, London. When his book about blood circulation published in 1628, suddenly his name famous throughout Europe. He's married, but had no children. At the age of seventy-six years he turned a blind eye in London.

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